refactor: remove main session key references and enhance agent-gateway associations

backend/app/api/agent.py

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ from app.schemas.pagination import DefaultLimitOffsetPage
 from app.schemas.tasks import TaskCommentCreate, TaskCommentRead, TaskCreate, TaskRead, TaskUpdate
 from app.services.activity_log import record_activity
 from app.services.board_leads import LeadAgentOptions, LeadAgentRequest, ensure_board_lead_agent
-from app.services.gateway_agents import gateway_agent_session_key, parse_gateway_agent_session_key
+from app.services.gateway_agents import gateway_agent_session_key
 from app.services.task_dependencies import (
     blocked_by_dependency_ids,
     dependency_status_by_id,
@@ -172,25 +172,19 @@ async def _require_gateway_main(
     session: AsyncSession,
     agent: Agent,
 ) -> tuple[Gateway, GatewayClientConfig]:
-    session_key = (agent.openclaw_session_id or "").strip()
+    if agent.board_id is not None:
-    if not session_key:
-        raise HTTPException(
-            status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
-            detail="Agent missing session key",
-        )
-    gateway_id = parse_gateway_agent_session_key(session_key)
-    if gateway_id is None:
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
             detail="Only the dedicated gateway agent may call this endpoint.",
         )
+    gateway_id = agent.gateway_id
     gateway = await Gateway.objects.by_id(gateway_id).first(session)
     if gateway is None:
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
             detail="Only the dedicated gateway agent may call this endpoint.",
         )
-    if gateway_agent_session_key(gateway) != session_key:
+    if agent.openclaw_session_id != gateway_agent_session_key(gateway):
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
             detail="Only the dedicated gateway agent may call this endpoint.",
@@ -257,7 +251,6 @@ async def list_agents(
         statement = statement.where(Agent.board_id == agent_ctx.agent.board_id)
     elif board_id:
         statement = statement.where(Agent.board_id == board_id)
-    main_session_keys = await agents_api.get_gateway_main_session_keys(session)
     statement = statement.order_by(col(Agent.created_at).desc())
 
     def _transform(items: Sequence[Any]) -> Sequence[Any]:
@@ -265,7 +258,6 @@ async def list_agents(
         return [
             agents_api.to_agent_read(
                 agents_api.with_computed_status(agent),
-                main_session_keys,
             )
             for agent in agents
         ]
@@ -758,11 +750,6 @@ async def ask_user_via_gateway_main(
             detail="Gateway is not configured for this board",
         )
     main_session_key = gateway_agent_session_key(gateway)
-    if not main_session_key:
-        raise HTTPException(
-            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
-            detail="Gateway agent session key is required",
-        )
     config = GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token)
 
     correlation = payload.correlation_id.strip() if payload.correlation_id else ""
@@ -818,7 +805,8 @@ async def ask_user_via_gateway_main(
     )
 
     main_agent = await Agent.objects.filter_by(
-        openclaw_session_id=main_session_key,
+        gateway_id=gateway.id,
+        board_id=None,
     ).first(session)
 
     await session.commit()

backend/app/api/agents.py

@@ -201,32 +201,20 @@ def _gateway_client_config(gateway: Gateway) -> GatewayClientConfig:
     return GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token)
 
 
-async def _get_gateway_main_session_keys(session: AsyncSession) -> set[str]:
+def _is_gateway_main(agent: Agent) -> bool:
-    gateways = await Gateway.objects.all().all(session)
+    return agent.board_id is None
-    return {gateway_agent_session_key(gateway) for gateway in gateways}
 
 
-def _is_gateway_main(agent: Agent, main_session_keys: set[str]) -> bool:
+def _to_agent_read(agent: Agent) -> AgentRead:
-    return bool(
-        agent.openclaw_session_id and agent.openclaw_session_id in main_session_keys,
-    )
-
-
-def _to_agent_read(agent: Agent, main_session_keys: set[str]) -> AgentRead:
     model = AgentRead.model_validate(agent, from_attributes=True)
     return model.model_copy(
-        update={"is_gateway_main": _is_gateway_main(agent, main_session_keys)},
+        update={"is_gateway_main": _is_gateway_main(agent)},
     )
 
 
-async def get_gateway_main_session_keys(session: AsyncSession) -> set[str]:
+def to_agent_read(agent: Agent) -> AgentRead:
-    """Return gateway main-session keys used to compute `is_gateway_main`."""
-    return await _get_gateway_main_session_keys(session)
-
-
-def to_agent_read(agent: Agent, main_session_keys: set[str]) -> AgentRead:
     """Convert an `Agent` model into its API read representation."""
-    return _to_agent_read(agent, main_session_keys)
+    return _to_agent_read(agent)
 
 
 def _coerce_agent_items(items: Sequence[Any]) -> list[Agent]:
@@ -239,17 +227,10 @@ def _coerce_agent_items(items: Sequence[Any]) -> list[Agent]:
     return agents
 
 
-async def _find_gateway_for_main_session(
+async def _main_agent_gateway(session: AsyncSession, agent: Agent) -> Gateway | None:
-    session: AsyncSession,
+    if agent.board_id is not None:
-    session_key: str | None,
-) -> Gateway | None:
-    if not session_key:
         return None
-    gateways = await Gateway.objects.all().all(session)
+    return await Gateway.objects.by_id(agent.gateway_id).first(session)
-    for gateway in gateways:
-        if gateway_agent_session_key(gateway) == session_key:
-            return gateway
-    return None
 
 
 async def _ensure_gateway_session(
@@ -281,8 +262,8 @@ def with_computed_status(agent: Agent) -> Agent:
     return _with_computed_status(agent)
 
 
-def _serialize_agent(agent: Agent, main_session_keys: set[str]) -> dict[str, object]:
+def _serialize_agent(agent: Agent) -> dict[str, object]:
-    return _to_agent_read(_with_computed_status(agent), main_session_keys).model_dump(
+    return _to_agent_read(_with_computed_status(agent)).model_dump(
         mode="json",
     )
 
@@ -331,10 +312,7 @@ async def _require_agent_access(
     if agent.board_id is None:
         if not is_org_admin(ctx.member):
             raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
-        gateway = await _find_gateway_for_main_session(
+        gateway = await _main_agent_gateway(session, agent)
-            session,
-            agent.openclaw_session_id,
-        )
         if gateway is None or gateway.organization_id != ctx.organization.id:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
         return
@@ -593,10 +571,7 @@ async def _apply_agent_update_mutations(
     updates: dict[str, Any],
     make_main: bool | None,
 ) -> tuple[Gateway | None, Gateway | None]:
-    main_gateway = await _find_gateway_for_main_session(
+    main_gateway = await _main_agent_gateway(session, agent)
-        session,
-        agent.openclaw_session_id,
-    )
     gateway_for_main: Gateway | None = None
 
     if make_main:
@@ -604,20 +579,48 @@ async def _apply_agent_update_mutations(
         board_for_main = await _require_board(session, board_source)
         gateway_for_main, _ = await _require_gateway(session, board_for_main)
         updates["board_id"] = None
+        updates["gateway_id"] = gateway_for_main.id
         agent.is_board_lead = False
         agent.openclaw_session_id = gateway_agent_session_key(gateway_for_main)
         main_gateway = gateway_for_main
     elif make_main is not None:
+        if "board_id" not in updates or updates["board_id"] is None:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
+                detail="board_id is required when converting a gateway-main agent to board scope",
+            )
+        board = await _require_board(session, updates["board_id"])
+        if board.gateway_id is None:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
+                detail="Board gateway_id is required",
+            )
+        updates["gateway_id"] = board.gateway_id
         agent.openclaw_session_id = None
 
-    if not make_main and "board_id" in updates:
+    if make_main is None and "board_id" in updates:
-        await _require_board(session, updates["board_id"])
+        board = await _require_board(session, updates["board_id"])
+        if board.gateway_id is None:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
+                detail="Board gateway_id is required",
+            )
+        updates["gateway_id"] = board.gateway_id
     for key, value in updates.items():
         setattr(agent, key, value)
 
     if make_main is None and main_gateway is not None:
         agent.board_id = None
+        agent.gateway_id = main_gateway.id
         agent.is_board_lead = False
+    if make_main is False and agent.board_id is not None:
+        board = await _require_board(session, agent.board_id)
+        if board.gateway_id is None:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
+                detail="Board gateway_id is required",
+            )
+        agent.gateway_id = board.gateway_id
     agent.updated_at = utcnow()
     if agent.heartbeat_config is None:
         agent.heartbeat_config = DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT_CONFIG.copy()
@@ -812,6 +815,7 @@ async def _create_agent_from_heartbeat(
     data: dict[str, Any] = {
         "name": payload.name,
         "board_id": board.id,
+        "gateway_id": gateway.id,
         "heartbeat_config": DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT_CONFIG.copy(),
     }
     agent, raw_token, session_error = await _persist_new_agent(
@@ -925,8 +929,7 @@ async def _commit_heartbeat(
     session.add(agent)
     await session.commit()
     await session.refresh(agent)
-    main_session_keys = await _get_gateway_main_session_keys(session)
+    return _to_agent_read(_with_computed_status(agent))
-    return _to_agent_read(_with_computed_status(agent), main_session_keys)
 
 
 async def _send_wakeup_message(
@@ -952,7 +955,6 @@ async def list_agents(
     ctx: OrganizationContext = ORG_ADMIN_DEP,
 ) -> LimitOffsetPage[AgentRead]:
     """List agents visible to the active organization admin."""
-    main_session_keys = await _get_gateway_main_session_keys(session)
     board_ids = await list_accessible_board_ids(session, member=ctx.member, write=False)
     if board_id is not None and board_id not in set(board_ids):
         raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
@@ -963,9 +965,11 @@ async def list_agents(
         gateways = await Gateway.objects.filter_by(
             organization_id=ctx.organization.id,
         ).all(session)
-        gateway_keys = [gateway_agent_session_key(gateway) for gateway in gateways]
+        gateway_ids = [gateway.id for gateway in gateways]
-        if gateway_keys:
+        if gateway_ids:
-            base_filters.append(col(Agent.openclaw_session_id).in_(gateway_keys))
+            base_filters.append(
+                (col(Agent.gateway_id).in_(gateway_ids)) & (col(Agent.board_id).is_(None)),
+            )
     if base_filters:
         if len(base_filters) == 1:
             statement = select(Agent).where(base_filters[0])
@@ -979,19 +983,18 @@ async def list_agents(
         gateway = await Gateway.objects.by_id(gateway_id).first(session)
         if gateway is None or gateway.organization_id != ctx.organization.id:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
-        gateway_main_key = gateway_agent_session_key(gateway)
         gateway_board_ids = select(Board.id).where(col(Board.gateway_id) == gateway_id)
         statement = statement.where(
             or_(
                 col(Agent.board_id).in_(gateway_board_ids),
-                col(Agent.openclaw_session_id) == gateway_main_key,
+                (col(Agent.gateway_id) == gateway_id) & (col(Agent.board_id).is_(None)),
             ),
         )
     statement = statement.order_by(col(Agent.created_at).desc())
 
     def _transform(items: Sequence[Any]) -> Sequence[Any]:
         agents = _coerce_agent_items(items)
-        return [_to_agent_read(_with_computed_status(agent), main_session_keys) for agent in agents]
+        return [_to_agent_read(_with_computed_status(agent)) for agent in agents]
 
     return await paginate(session, statement, transformer=_transform)
 
@@ -1029,13 +1032,10 @@ async def stream_agents(
                     agents = [agent for agent in agents if agent.board_id in allowed_ids]
                 else:
                     agents = []
-                main_session_keys = (
-                    await _get_gateway_main_session_keys(stream_session) if agents else set()
-                )
             for agent in agents:
                 updated_at = agent.updated_at or agent.last_seen_at or utcnow()
                 last_seen = max(updated_at, last_seen)
-                payload = {"agent": _serialize_agent(agent, main_session_keys)}
+                payload = {"agent": _serialize_agent(agent)}
                 yield {"event": "agent", "data": json.dumps(payload)}
             await asyncio.sleep(2)
 
@@ -1059,6 +1059,7 @@ async def create_agent(
     )
     gateway, client_config = await _require_gateway(session, board)
     data = payload.model_dump()
+    data["gateway_id"] = gateway.id
     requested_name = (data.get("name") or "").strip()
     await _ensure_unique_agent_name(
         session,
@@ -1089,8 +1090,7 @@ async def create_agent(
         request=provision_request,
         client_config=client_config,
     )
-    main_session_keys = await _get_gateway_main_session_keys(session)
+    return _to_agent_read(_with_computed_status(agent))
-    return _to_agent_read(_with_computed_status(agent), main_session_keys)
 
 
 @router.get("/{agent_id}", response_model=AgentRead)
@@ -1104,8 +1104,7 @@ async def get_agent(
     if agent is None:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
     await _require_agent_access(session, agent=agent, ctx=ctx, write=False)
-    main_session_keys = await _get_gateway_main_session_keys(session)
+    return _to_agent_read(_with_computed_status(agent))
-    return _to_agent_read(_with_computed_status(agent), main_session_keys)
 
 
 @router.patch("/{agent_id}", response_model=AgentRead)
@@ -1129,8 +1128,7 @@ async def update_agent(
         make_main=make_main,
     )
     if not updates and not params.force and make_main is None:
-        main_session_keys = await _get_gateway_main_session_keys(session)
+        return _to_agent_read(_with_computed_status(agent))
-        return _to_agent_read(_with_computed_status(agent), main_session_keys)
     main_gateway, gateway_for_main = await _apply_agent_update_mutations(
         session,
         agent=agent,
@@ -1164,8 +1162,7 @@ async def update_agent(
         agent=agent,
         request=provision_request,
     )
-    main_session_keys = await _get_gateway_main_session_keys(session)
+    return _to_agent_read(_with_computed_status(agent))
-    return _to_agent_read(_with_computed_status(agent), main_session_keys)
 
 
 @router.post("/{agent_id}/heartbeat", response_model=AgentRead)

backend/app/api/board_onboarding.py

@@ -339,8 +339,7 @@ async def agent_onboarding_update(
         gateway = await Gateway.objects.by_id(board.gateway_id).first(session)
         if (
             gateway
-            and agent.openclaw_session_id
+            and (agent.gateway_id != gateway.id or agent.board_id is not None)
-            and agent.openclaw_session_id != gateway_agent_session_key(gateway)
         ):
             raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
 

backend/app/api/gateway.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from collections.abc import Iterable
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Query, status
+from sqlmodel import col
 
 from app.api.deps import require_org_admin
 from app.core.auth import AuthContext, get_auth_context
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ from app.integrations.openclaw_gateway_protocol import (
     GATEWAY_METHODS,
     PROTOCOL_VERSION,
 )
+from app.models.agents import Agent
 from app.models.boards import Board
 from app.models.gateways import Gateway
 from app.schemas.common import OkResponse
@@ -35,7 +37,6 @@ from app.schemas.gateway_api import (
     GatewaySessionsResponse,
     GatewaysStatusResponse,
 )
-from app.services.gateway_agents import gateway_agent_session_key
 from app.services.organizations import OrganizationContext, require_board_access
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -120,10 +121,16 @@ async def _resolve_gateway(
             status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
             detail="Gateway url is required",
         )
+    main_agent = (
+        await Agent.objects.filter_by(gateway_id=gateway.id)
+        .filter(col(Agent.board_id).is_(None))
+        .first(session)
+    )
+    main_session = main_agent.openclaw_session_id if main_agent else None
     return (
         board,
         GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token),
-        gateway_agent_session_key(gateway),
+        main_session,
     )
 
 
@@ -186,7 +193,6 @@ async def gateways_status(
             gateway_url=config.url,
             sessions_count=len(sessions_list),
             sessions=sessions_list,
-            main_session_key=main_session,
             main_session=main_session_entry,
             main_session_error=main_session_error,
         )
@@ -241,7 +247,6 @@ async def list_gateway_sessions(
 
     return GatewaySessionsResponse(
         sessions=sessions_list,
-        main_session_key=main_session,
         main_session=main_session_entry,
     )
 

backend/app/api/gateways.py

@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ from app.services.agent_provisioning import (
 )
 from app.services.gateway_agents import (
     gateway_agent_session_key,
-    gateway_agent_session_key_for_id,
     gateway_openclaw_agent_id,
 )
 from app.services.template_sync import GatewayTemplateSyncOptions
@@ -134,68 +133,27 @@ async def _require_gateway(
 async def _find_main_agent(
     session: AsyncSession,
     gateway: Gateway,
-    previous_name: str | None = None,
-    previous_session_key: str | None = None,
 ) -> Agent | None:
-    preferred_session_key = gateway_agent_session_key(gateway)
+    return (
-    if preferred_session_key:
+        await Agent.objects.filter_by(gateway_id=gateway.id)
-        agent = await Agent.objects.filter_by(
+        .filter(col(Agent.board_id).is_(None))
-            openclaw_session_id=preferred_session_key,
+        .first(session)
-        ).first(
+    )
-            session,
-        )
-        if agent:
-            return agent
-    if gateway.main_session_key:
-        agent = await Agent.objects.filter_by(
-            openclaw_session_id=gateway.main_session_key,
-        ).first(
-            session,
-        )
-        if agent:
-            return agent
-    if previous_session_key:
-        agent = await Agent.objects.filter_by(
-            openclaw_session_id=previous_session_key,
-        ).first(
-            session,
-        )
-        if agent:
-            return agent
-    names = {_main_agent_name(gateway)}
-    if previous_name:
-        names.add(f"{previous_name} Main")
-    for name in names:
-        agent = await Agent.objects.filter_by(name=name).first(session)
-        if agent:
-            return agent
-    return None
 
 
 async def _upsert_main_agent_record(
     session: AsyncSession,
     gateway: Gateway,
-    *,
-    previous: tuple[str | None, str | None] | None = None,
 ) -> tuple[Agent, bool]:
     changed = False
     session_key = gateway_agent_session_key(gateway)
-    if gateway.main_session_key != session_key:
+    agent = await _find_main_agent(session, gateway)
-        gateway.main_session_key = session_key
-        gateway.updated_at = utcnow()
-        session.add(gateway)
-        changed = True
-    agent = await _find_main_agent(
-        session,
-        gateway,
-        previous_name=previous[0] if previous else None,
-        previous_session_key=previous[1] if previous else None,
-    )
     if agent is None:
         agent = Agent(
             name=_main_agent_name(gateway),
             status="provisioning",
             board_id=None,
+            gateway_id=gateway.id,
             is_board_lead=False,
             openclaw_session_id=session_key,
             heartbeat_config=DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT_CONFIG.copy(),
@@ -206,6 +164,9 @@ async def _upsert_main_agent_record(
     if agent.board_id is not None:
         agent.board_id = None
         changed = True
+    if agent.gateway_id != gateway.id:
+        agent.gateway_id = gateway.id
+        changed = True
     if agent.is_board_lead:
         agent.is_board_lead = False
         changed = True
@@ -262,21 +223,15 @@ def _extract_agent_id_from_entry(item: object) -> str | None:
     return None
 
 
-def _extract_config_agents_list(payload: object) -> list[object]:
+def _extract_agents_list(payload: object) -> list[object]:
+    if isinstance(payload, list):
+        return [item for item in payload]
     if not isinstance(payload, dict):
         return []
-    data = payload.get("config") or payload.get("parsed") or {}
+    agents = payload.get("agents") or []
-    if not isinstance(data, dict):
+    if not isinstance(agents, list):
         return []
-    agents = data.get("agents") or {}
+    return [item for item in agents]
-    if isinstance(agents, list):
-        return [item for item in agents]
-    if not isinstance(agents, dict):
-        return []
-    agents_list = agents.get("list") or []
-    if not isinstance(agents_list, list):
-        return []
-    return [item for item in agents_list]
 
 
 async def _gateway_has_main_agent_entry(gateway: Gateway) -> bool:
@@ -285,11 +240,11 @@ async def _gateway_has_main_agent_entry(gateway: Gateway) -> bool:
     config = GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token)
     target_id = gateway_openclaw_agent_id(gateway)
     try:
-        payload = await openclaw_call("config.get", config=config)
+        payload = await openclaw_call("agents.list", config=config)
     except OpenClawGatewayError:
         # Avoid treating transient gateway connectivity issues as a missing agent entry.
         return True
-    for item in _extract_config_agents_list(payload):
+    for item in _extract_agents_list(payload):
         if _extract_agent_id_from_entry(item) == target_id:
             return True
     return False
@@ -376,14 +331,9 @@ async def _ensure_main_agent(
     gateway: Gateway,
     auth: AuthContext,
     *,
-    previous: tuple[str | None, str | None] | None = None,
     action: str = "provision",
 ) -> Agent:
-    agent, _ = await _upsert_main_agent_record(
+    agent, _ = await _upsert_main_agent_record(session, gateway)
-        session,
-        gateway,
-        previous=previous,
-    )
     return await _provision_main_agent_record(
         session,
         gateway,
@@ -464,7 +414,6 @@ async def create_gateway(
     gateway_id = uuid4()
     data["id"] = gateway_id
     data["organization_id"] = ctx.organization.id
-    data["main_session_key"] = gateway_agent_session_key_for_id(gateway_id)
     gateway = await crud.create(session, Gateway, **data)
     await _ensure_main_agent(session, gateway, auth, action="provision")
     return gateway
@@ -500,15 +449,12 @@ async def update_gateway(
         gateway_id=gateway_id,
         organization_id=ctx.organization.id,
     )
-    previous_name = gateway.name
-    previous_session_key = gateway.main_session_key
     updates = payload.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
     await crud.patch(session, gateway, updates)
     await _ensure_main_agent(
         session,
         gateway,
         auth,
-        previous=(previous_name, previous_session_key),
         action="update",
     )
     return gateway
@@ -555,14 +501,14 @@ async def delete_gateway(
         gateway_id=gateway_id,
         organization_id=ctx.organization.id,
     )
-    gateway_session_key = gateway_agent_session_key(gateway)
     main_agent = await _find_main_agent(session, gateway)
     if main_agent is not None:
         await _clear_agent_foreign_keys(session, agent_id=main_agent.id)
         await session.delete(main_agent)
 
     duplicate_main_agents = await Agent.objects.filter_by(
-        openclaw_session_id=gateway_session_key,
+        gateway_id=gateway.id,
+        board_id=None,
     ).all(session)
     for agent in duplicate_main_agents:
         if main_agent is not None and agent.id == main_agent.id:

backend/app/integrations/openclaw_gateway_protocol.py

@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@ GATEWAY_METHODS = [
     "talk.mode",
     "models.list",
     "agents.list",
+    "agents.create",
+    "agents.update",
+    "agents.delete",
     "agents.files.list",
     "agents.files.get",
     "agents.files.set",

backend/app/models/agents.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ class Agent(QueryModel, table=True):
 
     id: UUID = Field(default_factory=uuid4, primary_key=True)
     board_id: UUID | None = Field(default=None, foreign_key="boards.id", index=True)
+    gateway_id: UUID = Field(foreign_key="gateways.id", index=True)
     name: str = Field(index=True)
     status: str = Field(default="provisioning", index=True)
     openclaw_session_id: str | None = Field(default=None, index=True)

backend/app/models/gateways.py

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ class Gateway(QueryModel, table=True):
     name: str
     url: str
     token: str | None = Field(default=None)
-    main_session_key: str
     workspace_root: str
     created_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=utcnow)
     updated_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=utcnow)

backend/app/schemas/agents.py

@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ class AgentRead(AgentBase):
     """Public agent representation returned by the API."""
 
     id: UUID
+    gateway_id: UUID
     is_board_lead: bool = False
     is_gateway_main: bool = False
     openclaw_session_id: str | None = None

backend/app/schemas/gateway_api.py

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ class GatewaysStatusResponse(SQLModel):
     gateway_url: str
     sessions_count: int | None = None
     sessions: list[object] | None = None
-    main_session_key: str | None = None
     main_session: object | None = None
     main_session_error: str | None = None
     error: str | None = None
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ class GatewaySessionsResponse(SQLModel):
     """Gateway sessions list response payload."""
 
     sessions: list[object]
-    main_session_key: str | None = None
     main_session: object | None = None
 
 

backend/app/schemas/gateways.py

@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ class GatewayRead(GatewayBase):
     id: UUID
     organization_id: UUID
     token: str | None = None
-    main_session_key: str
     created_at: datetime
     updated_at: datetime
 

backend/app/services/agent_provisioning.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 import hashlib
 import json
 import re
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ from app.integrations.openclaw_gateway import OpenClawGatewayError, ensure_sessi
 from app.services.gateway_agents import (
     gateway_agent_session_key,
     gateway_openclaw_agent_id,
-    parse_gateway_agent_session_key,
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -146,22 +146,6 @@ def _slugify(value: str) -> str:
     return slug or uuid4().hex
 
 
-def _agent_id_from_session_key(session_key: str | None) -> str | None:
-    value = (session_key or "").strip()
-    if not value:
-        return None
-    # Dedicated Mission Control gateway-agent session keys are not gateway config agent ids.
-    if parse_gateway_agent_session_key(value) is not None:
-        return None
-    if not value.startswith("agent:"):
-        return None
-    parts = value.split(":")
-    if len(parts) < _SESSION_KEY_PARTS_MIN:
-        return None
-    agent_id = parts[1].strip()
-    return agent_id or None
-
-
 def _clean_str(value: object) -> str | None:
     if isinstance(value, str) and value.strip():
         return value.strip()
@@ -436,70 +420,6 @@ def _session_key(agent: Agent) -> str:
     return f"agent:{_agent_key(agent)}:main"
 
 
-async def _supported_gateway_files(config: GatewayClientConfig) -> set[str]:
-    try:
-        agents_payload = await openclaw_call("agents.list", config=config)
-        agents = []
-        default_id = None
-        if isinstance(agents_payload, dict):
-            agents = list(agents_payload.get("agents") or [])
-            default_id = agents_payload.get("defaultId") or agents_payload.get(
-                "default_id",
-            )
-        agent_id = default_id or (agents[0].get("id") if agents else None)
-        if not agent_id:
-            return set(DEFAULT_GATEWAY_FILES)
-        files_payload = await openclaw_call(
-            "agents.files.list",
-            {"agentId": agent_id},
-            config=config,
-        )
-        if isinstance(files_payload, dict):
-            files = files_payload.get("files") or []
-            supported: set[str] = set()
-            for item in files:
-                if not isinstance(item, dict):
-                    continue
-                name = item.get("name")
-                if isinstance(name, str) and name:
-                    supported.add(name)
-            return supported or set(DEFAULT_GATEWAY_FILES)
-    except OpenClawGatewayError:
-        pass
-    return set(DEFAULT_GATEWAY_FILES)
-
-
-async def _reset_session(session_key: str, config: GatewayClientConfig) -> None:
-    if not session_key:
-        return
-    await openclaw_call("sessions.reset", {"key": session_key}, config=config)
-
-
-async def _gateway_agent_files_index(
-    agent_id: str,
-    config: GatewayClientConfig,
-) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
-    try:
-        payload = await openclaw_call(
-            "agents.files.list",
-            {"agentId": agent_id},
-            config=config,
-        )
-        if isinstance(payload, dict):
-            files = payload.get("files") or []
-            index: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
-            for item in files:
-                if not isinstance(item, dict):
-                    continue
-                name = item.get("name")
-                if isinstance(name, str) and name:
-                    index[name] = dict(item)
-            return index
-    except OpenClawGatewayError:
-        pass
-    return {}
-
-
 def _render_agent_files(
     context: dict[str, str],
     agent: Agent,
@@ -548,67 +468,205 @@ def _render_agent_files(
     return rendered
 
 
-async def _gateway_default_agent_id(
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
-    config: GatewayClientConfig,
+class GatewayAgentRegistration:
-    *,
+    """Desired gateway runtime state for one agent."""
-    fallback_session_key: str | None = None,
-) -> str | None:
-    try:
-        payload = await openclaw_call("agents.list", config=config)
-    except OpenClawGatewayError:
-        return _agent_id_from_session_key(fallback_session_key)
 
-    agent_id = _extract_agent_id(payload)
+    agent_id: str
-    if agent_id:
+    name: str
-        return agent_id
+    workspace_path: str
-    return _agent_id_from_session_key(fallback_session_key)
+    heartbeat: dict[str, Any]
 
 
-async def _patch_gateway_agent_list(
+class GatewayControlPlane(ABC):
-    agent_id: str,
+    """Abstract gateway runtime interface used by agent lifecycle managers."""
-    workspace_path: str,
-    heartbeat: dict[str, Any],
-    config: GatewayClientConfig,
-) -> None:
-    cfg = await openclaw_call("config.get", config=config)
-    if not isinstance(cfg, dict):
-        msg = "config.get returned invalid payload"
-        raise OpenClawGatewayError(msg)
-    base_hash = cfg.get("hash")
-    data = cfg.get("config") or cfg.get("parsed") or {}
-    if not isinstance(data, dict):
-        msg = "config.get returned invalid config"
-        raise OpenClawGatewayError(msg)
-    agents = data.get("agents") or {}
-    lst = agents.get("list") or []
-    if not isinstance(lst, list):
-        msg = "config agents.list is not a list"
-        raise OpenClawGatewayError(msg)
 
-    updated = False
+    @abstractmethod
-    new_list: list[dict[str, Any]] = []
+    async def ensure_agent_session(self, session_key: str, *, label: str | None = None) -> None:
-    for entry in lst:
+        raise NotImplementedError
-        if isinstance(entry, dict) and entry.get("id") == agent_id:
+
-            new_entry = dict(entry)
+    @abstractmethod
-            new_entry["workspace"] = workspace_path
+    async def reset_agent_session(self, session_key: str) -> None:
-            new_entry["heartbeat"] = heartbeat
+        raise NotImplementedError
-            new_list.append(new_entry)
+
-            updated = True
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def delete_agent_session(self, session_key: str) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def upsert_agent(self, registration: GatewayAgentRegistration) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def delete_agent(self, agent_id: str, *, delete_files: bool = True) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def list_supported_files(self) -> set[str]:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def list_agent_files(self, agent_id: str) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def set_agent_file(self, *, agent_id: str, name: str, content: str) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def patch_agent_heartbeats(
+        self,
+        entries: list[tuple[str, str, dict[str, Any]]],
+    ) -> None:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+class OpenClawGatewayControlPlane(GatewayControlPlane):
+    """OpenClaw gateway RPC implementation of the lifecycle control-plane contract."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config: GatewayClientConfig) -> None:
+        self._config = config
+
+    async def ensure_agent_session(self, session_key: str, *, label: str | None = None) -> None:
+        if not session_key:
+            return
+        await ensure_session(session_key, config=self._config, label=label)
+
+    async def reset_agent_session(self, session_key: str) -> None:
+        if not session_key:
+            return
+        await openclaw_call("sessions.reset", {"key": session_key}, config=self._config)
+
+    async def delete_agent_session(self, session_key: str) -> None:
+        if not session_key:
+            return
+        await openclaw_call("sessions.delete", {"key": session_key}, config=self._config)
+
+    async def _agent_ids(self) -> set[str]:
+        payload = await openclaw_call("agents.list", config=self._config)
+        raw_agents: object = payload
+        if isinstance(payload, dict):
+            raw_agents = payload.get("agents") or []
+        if not isinstance(raw_agents, list):
+            return set()
+        ids: set[str] = set()
+        for item in raw_agents:
+            agent_id = _extract_agent_id_from_item(item)
+            if agent_id:
+                ids.add(agent_id)
+        return ids
+
+    async def upsert_agent(self, registration: GatewayAgentRegistration) -> None:
+        agent_ids = await self._agent_ids()
+        if registration.agent_id in agent_ids:
+            await openclaw_call(
+                "agents.update",
+                {
+                    "agentId": registration.agent_id,
+                    "name": registration.name,
+                    "workspace": registration.workspace_path,
+                },
+                config=self._config,
+            )
         else:
-            new_list.append(entry)
+            # `agents.create` derives `agentId` from `name`, so create with the target id
-    if not updated:
+            # and then set the human-facing name in a follow-up update.
-        new_list.append(
+            await openclaw_call(
-            {"id": agent_id, "workspace": workspace_path, "heartbeat": heartbeat},
+                "agents.create",
+                {
+                    "name": registration.agent_id,
+                    "workspace": registration.workspace_path,
+                },
+                config=self._config,
+            )
+            if registration.name != registration.agent_id:
+                await openclaw_call(
+                    "agents.update",
+                    {
+                        "agentId": registration.agent_id,
+                        "name": registration.name,
+                        "workspace": registration.workspace_path,
+                    },
+                    config=self._config,
+                )
+        await self.patch_agent_heartbeats(
+            [(registration.agent_id, registration.workspace_path, registration.heartbeat)],
         )
 
-    patch: dict[str, Any] = {"agents": {"list": new_list}}
+    async def delete_agent(self, agent_id: str, *, delete_files: bool = True) -> None:
-    channels_patch = _channel_heartbeat_visibility_patch(data)
+        await openclaw_call(
-    if channels_patch is not None:
+            "agents.delete",
-        patch["channels"] = channels_patch
+            {"agentId": agent_id, "deleteFiles": delete_files},
-    params = {"raw": json.dumps(patch)}
+            config=self._config,
-    if base_hash:
+        )
-        params["baseHash"] = base_hash
+
-    await openclaw_call("config.patch", params, config=config)
+    async def list_supported_files(self) -> set[str]:
+        agents_payload = await openclaw_call("agents.list", config=self._config)
+        agent_id = _extract_agent_id(agents_payload)
+        if not agent_id:
+            return set(DEFAULT_GATEWAY_FILES)
+        files_payload = await openclaw_call(
+            "agents.files.list",
+            {"agentId": agent_id},
+            config=self._config,
+        )
+        if not isinstance(files_payload, dict):
+            return set(DEFAULT_GATEWAY_FILES)
+        files = files_payload.get("files") or []
+        if not isinstance(files, list):
+            return set(DEFAULT_GATEWAY_FILES)
+        supported: set[str] = set()
+        for item in files:
+            if not isinstance(item, dict):
+                continue
+            name = item.get("name")
+            if isinstance(name, str) and name:
+                supported.add(name)
+        return supported or set(DEFAULT_GATEWAY_FILES)
+
+    async def list_agent_files(self, agent_id: str) -> dict[str, dict[str, Any]]:
+        payload = await openclaw_call(
+            "agents.files.list",
+            {"agentId": agent_id},
+            config=self._config,
+        )
+        if not isinstance(payload, dict):
+            return {}
+        files = payload.get("files") or []
+        if not isinstance(files, list):
+            return {}
+        index: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+        for item in files:
+            if not isinstance(item, dict):
+                continue
+            name = item.get("name")
+            if isinstance(name, str) and name:
+                index[name] = dict(item)
+        return index
+
+    async def set_agent_file(self, *, agent_id: str, name: str, content: str) -> None:
+        await openclaw_call(
+            "agents.files.set",
+            {"agentId": agent_id, "name": name, "content": content},
+            config=self._config,
+        )
+
+    async def patch_agent_heartbeats(
+        self,
+        entries: list[tuple[str, str, dict[str, Any]]],
+    ) -> None:
+        base_hash, raw_list, config_data = await _gateway_config_agent_list(self._config)
+        entry_by_id = _heartbeat_entry_map(entries)
+        new_list = _updated_agent_list(raw_list, entry_by_id)
+
+        patch: dict[str, Any] = {"agents": {"list": new_list}}
+        channels_patch = _channel_heartbeat_visibility_patch(config_data)
+        if channels_patch is not None:
+            patch["channels"] = channels_patch
+        params = {"raw": json.dumps(patch)}
+        if base_hash:
+            params["baseHash"] = base_hash
+        await openclaw_call("config.patch", params, config=self._config)
 
 
 async def _gateway_config_agent_list(
@@ -673,6 +731,177 @@ def _updated_agent_list(
     return new_list
 
 
+class BaseAgentLifecycleManager(ABC):
+    """Base class for scalable board/main agent lifecycle managers."""
+
+    def __init__(self, gateway: Gateway, control_plane: GatewayControlPlane) -> None:
+        self._gateway = gateway
+        self._control_plane = control_plane
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _agent_id(self, agent: Agent) -> str:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _build_context(
+        self,
+        *,
+        agent: Agent,
+        auth_token: str,
+        user: User | None,
+        board: Board | None,
+    ) -> dict[str, str]:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _template_overrides(self) -> dict[str, str] | None:
+        return None
+
+    async def _set_agent_files(
+        self,
+        *,
+        agent_id: str,
+        rendered: dict[str, str],
+        existing_files: dict[str, dict[str, Any]],
+    ) -> None:
+        for name, content in rendered.items():
+            if content == "":
+                continue
+            if name in PRESERVE_AGENT_EDITABLE_FILES:
+                entry = existing_files.get(name)
+                if entry and not bool(entry.get("missing")):
+                    continue
+            try:
+                await self._control_plane.set_agent_file(
+                    agent_id=agent_id,
+                    name=name,
+                    content=content,
+                )
+            except OpenClawGatewayError as exc:
+                if "unsupported file" in str(exc).lower():
+                    continue
+                raise
+
+    async def provision(
+        self,
+        *,
+        agent: Agent,
+        session_key: str,
+        auth_token: str,
+        user: User | None,
+        options: ProvisionOptions,
+        board: Board | None = None,
+        session_label: str | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if not self._gateway.workspace_root:
+            msg = "gateway_workspace_root is required"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        if not agent.openclaw_session_id:
+            agent.openclaw_session_id = session_key
+        await self._control_plane.ensure_agent_session(
+            session_key,
+            label=session_label or agent.name,
+        )
+
+        agent_id = self._agent_id(agent)
+        workspace_path = _workspace_path(agent, self._gateway.workspace_root)
+        heartbeat = _heartbeat_config(agent)
+        await self._control_plane.upsert_agent(
+            GatewayAgentRegistration(
+                agent_id=agent_id,
+                name=agent.name,
+                workspace_path=workspace_path,
+                heartbeat=heartbeat,
+            ),
+        )
+
+        context = self._build_context(
+            agent=agent,
+            auth_token=auth_token,
+            user=user,
+            board=board,
+        )
+        supported = await self._control_plane.list_supported_files()
+        supported.update({"USER.md", "SELF.md", "AUTONOMY.md"})
+        existing_files = await self._control_plane.list_agent_files(agent_id)
+        include_bootstrap = _should_include_bootstrap(
+            action=options.action,
+            force_bootstrap=options.force_bootstrap,
+            existing_files=existing_files,
+        )
+        rendered = _render_agent_files(
+            context,
+            agent,
+            supported,
+            include_bootstrap=include_bootstrap,
+            template_overrides=self._template_overrides(),
+        )
+
+        for name in PRESERVE_AGENT_EDITABLE_FILES:
+            content = rendered.get(name)
+            if not content:
+                continue
+            with suppress(OSError):
+                _ensure_workspace_file(workspace_path, name, content, overwrite=False)
+
+        await self._set_agent_files(
+            agent_id=agent_id,
+            rendered=rendered,
+            existing_files=existing_files,
+        )
+        if options.reset_session:
+            await self._control_plane.reset_agent_session(session_key)
+
+
+class BoardAgentLifecycleManager(BaseAgentLifecycleManager):
+    """Provisioning manager for board-scoped agents."""
+
+    def _agent_id(self, agent: Agent) -> str:
+        return _agent_key(agent)
+
+    def _build_context(
+        self,
+        *,
+        agent: Agent,
+        auth_token: str,
+        user: User | None,
+        board: Board | None,
+    ) -> dict[str, str]:
+        if board is None:
+            msg = "board is required for board-scoped agent provisioning"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        return _build_context(agent, board, self._gateway, auth_token, user)
+
+
+class GatewayMainAgentLifecycleManager(BaseAgentLifecycleManager):
+    """Provisioning manager for organization gateway-main agents."""
+
+    def _agent_id(self, agent: Agent) -> str:
+        return gateway_openclaw_agent_id(self._gateway)
+
+    def _build_context(
+        self,
+        *,
+        agent: Agent,
+        auth_token: str,
+        user: User | None,
+        board: Board | None,
+    ) -> dict[str, str]:
+        _ = board
+        return _build_main_context(agent, self._gateway, auth_token, user)
+
+    def _template_overrides(self) -> dict[str, str] | None:
+        return MAIN_TEMPLATE_MAP
+
+
+def _control_plane_for_gateway(gateway: Gateway) -> OpenClawGatewayControlPlane:
+    if not gateway.url:
+        msg = "Gateway url is required"
+        raise OpenClawGatewayError(msg)
+    return OpenClawGatewayControlPlane(
+        GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token),
+    )
+
+
 async def patch_gateway_agent_heartbeats(
     gateway: Gateway,
     *,
@@ -682,22 +911,8 @@ async def patch_gateway_agent_heartbeats(
 
     Each entry is (agent_id, workspace_path, heartbeat_dict).
     """
-    if not gateway.url:
+    control_plane = _control_plane_for_gateway(gateway)
-        msg = "Gateway url is required"
+    await control_plane.patch_agent_heartbeats(entries)
-        raise OpenClawGatewayError(msg)
-    config = GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token)
-    base_hash, raw_list, config_data = await _gateway_config_agent_list(config)
-    entry_by_id = _heartbeat_entry_map(entries)
-    new_list = _updated_agent_list(raw_list, entry_by_id)
-
-    patch: dict[str, Any] = {"agents": {"list": new_list}}
-    channels_patch = _channel_heartbeat_visibility_patch(config_data)
-    if channels_patch is not None:
-        patch["channels"] = channels_patch
-    params = {"raw": json.dumps(patch)}
-    if base_hash:
-        params["baseHash"] = base_hash
-    await openclaw_call("config.patch", params, config=config)
 
 
 async def sync_gateway_agent_heartbeats(gateway: Gateway, agents: list[Agent]) -> None:
@@ -716,57 +931,6 @@ async def sync_gateway_agent_heartbeats(gateway: Gateway, agents: list[Agent]) -
     await patch_gateway_agent_heartbeats(gateway, entries=entries)
 
 
-async def _remove_gateway_agent_list(
-    agent_id: str,
-    config: GatewayClientConfig,
-) -> None:
-    cfg = await openclaw_call("config.get", config=config)
-    if not isinstance(cfg, dict):
-        msg = "config.get returned invalid payload"
-        raise OpenClawGatewayError(msg)
-    base_hash = cfg.get("hash")
-    data = cfg.get("config") or cfg.get("parsed") or {}
-    if not isinstance(data, dict):
-        msg = "config.get returned invalid config"
-        raise OpenClawGatewayError(msg)
-    agents = data.get("agents") or {}
-    lst = agents.get("list") or []
-    if not isinstance(lst, list):
-        msg = "config agents.list is not a list"
-        raise OpenClawGatewayError(msg)
-
-    new_list = [
-        entry for entry in lst if not (isinstance(entry, dict) and entry.get("id") == agent_id)
-    ]
-    if len(new_list) == len(lst):
-        return
-    patch = {"agents": {"list": new_list}}
-    params = {"raw": json.dumps(patch)}
-    if base_hash:
-        params["baseHash"] = base_hash
-    await openclaw_call("config.patch", params, config=config)
-
-
-async def _get_gateway_agent_entry(
-    agent_id: str,
-    config: GatewayClientConfig,
-) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
-    cfg = await openclaw_call("config.get", config=config)
-    if not isinstance(cfg, dict):
-        return None
-    data = cfg.get("config") or cfg.get("parsed") or {}
-    if not isinstance(data, dict):
-        return None
-    agents = data.get("agents") or {}
-    lst = agents.get("list") or []
-    if not isinstance(lst, list):
-        return None
-    for entry in lst:
-        if isinstance(entry, dict) and entry.get("id") == agent_id:
-            return entry
-    return None
-
-
 def _should_include_bootstrap(
     *,
     action: str,
@@ -781,32 +945,6 @@ def _should_include_bootstrap(
     return not bool(entry and entry.get("missing"))
 
 
-async def _set_agent_files(
-    *,
-    agent_id: str,
-    rendered: dict[str, str],
-    existing_files: dict[str, dict[str, Any]],
-    client_config: GatewayClientConfig,
-) -> None:
-    for name, content in rendered.items():
-        if content == "":
-            continue
-        if name in PRESERVE_AGENT_EDITABLE_FILES:
-            entry = existing_files.get(name)
-            if entry and not bool(entry.get("missing")):
-                continue
-        try:
-            await openclaw_call(
-                "agents.files.set",
-                {"agentId": agent_id, "name": name, "content": content},
-                config=client_config,
-            )
-        except OpenClawGatewayError as exc:
-            if "unsupported file" in str(exc).lower():
-                continue
-            raise
-
-
 async def provision_agent(
     agent: Agent,
     request: AgentProvisionRequest,
@@ -815,57 +953,17 @@ async def provision_agent(
     gateway = request.gateway
     if not gateway.url:
         return
-    if not gateway.workspace_root:
-        msg = "gateway_workspace_root is required"
-        raise ValueError(msg)
-    client_config = GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token)
     session_key = _session_key(agent)
-    await ensure_session(session_key, config=client_config, label=agent.name)
+    control_plane = _control_plane_for_gateway(gateway)
-
+    manager = BoardAgentLifecycleManager(gateway, control_plane)
-    agent_id = _agent_key(agent)
+    await manager.provision(
-    workspace_path = _workspace_path(agent, gateway.workspace_root)
+        agent=agent,
-    heartbeat = _heartbeat_config(agent)
+        board=request.board,
-    await _patch_gateway_agent_list(agent_id, workspace_path, heartbeat, client_config)
+        session_key=session_key,
-
+        auth_token=request.auth_token,
-    context = _build_context(
+        user=request.user,
-        agent,
+        options=request.options,
-        request.board,
-        gateway,
-        request.auth_token,
-        request.user,
     )
-    supported = set(await _supported_gateway_files(client_config))
-    supported.update({"USER.md", "SELF.md", "AUTONOMY.md"})
-    existing_files = await _gateway_agent_files_index(agent_id, client_config)
-    include_bootstrap = _should_include_bootstrap(
-        action=request.options.action,
-        force_bootstrap=request.options.force_bootstrap,
-        existing_files=existing_files,
-    )
-
-    rendered = _render_agent_files(
-        context,
-        agent,
-        supported,
-        include_bootstrap=include_bootstrap,
-    )
-
-    # Ensure editable template files exist locally (best-effort) without overwriting.
-    for name in PRESERVE_AGENT_EDITABLE_FILES:
-        content = rendered.get(name)
-        if not content:
-            continue
-        with suppress(OSError):
-            # Local workspace may not be writable/available; fall back to gateway API.
-            _ensure_workspace_file(workspace_path, name, content, overwrite=False)
-    await _set_agent_files(
-        agent_id=agent_id,
-        rendered=rendered,
-        existing_files=existing_files,
-        client_config=client_config,
-    )
-    if request.options.reset_session:
-        await _reset_session(session_key, client_config)
 
 
 async def provision_main_agent(
@@ -876,52 +974,21 @@ async def provision_main_agent(
     gateway = request.gateway
     if not gateway.url:
         return
-    session_key = (request.session_key or gateway.main_session_key or "").strip()
+    session_key = (request.session_key or gateway_agent_session_key(gateway) or "").strip()
     if not session_key:
         msg = "gateway main agent session_key is required"
         raise ValueError(msg)
-    client_config = GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token)
+    control_plane = _control_plane_for_gateway(gateway)
-    await ensure_session(
+    manager = GatewayMainAgentLifecycleManager(gateway, control_plane)
-        session_key,
+    await manager.provision(
-        config=client_config,
+        agent=agent,
-        label=agent.name or "Gateway Agent",
+        session_key=session_key,
+        auth_token=request.auth_token,
+        user=request.user,
+        options=request.options,
+        session_label=agent.name or "Gateway Agent",
     )
 
-    # Keep gateway default agent intact and use a dedicated OpenClaw agent id for Mission Control.
-    if not gateway.workspace_root:
-        msg = "gateway_workspace_root is required"
-        raise ValueError(msg)
-    agent_id = gateway_openclaw_agent_id(gateway)
-    workspace_path = _workspace_path(agent, gateway.workspace_root)
-    heartbeat = _heartbeat_config(agent)
-    await _patch_gateway_agent_list(agent_id, workspace_path, heartbeat, client_config)
-
-    context = _build_main_context(agent, gateway, request.auth_token, request.user)
-    supported = set(await _supported_gateway_files(client_config))
-    supported.update({"USER.md", "SELF.md", "AUTONOMY.md"})
-    existing_files = await _gateway_agent_files_index(agent_id, client_config)
-    include_bootstrap = _should_include_bootstrap(
-        action=request.options.action,
-        force_bootstrap=request.options.force_bootstrap,
-        existing_files=existing_files,
-    )
-
-    rendered = _render_agent_files(
-        context,
-        agent,
-        supported,
-        include_bootstrap=include_bootstrap,
-        template_overrides=MAIN_TEMPLATE_MAP,
-    )
-    await _set_agent_files(
-        agent_id=agent_id,
-        rendered=rendered,
-        existing_files=existing_files,
-        client_config=client_config,
-    )
-    if request.options.reset_session:
-        await _reset_session(session_key, client_config)
-
 
 async def cleanup_agent(
     agent: Agent,
@@ -933,16 +1000,11 @@ async def cleanup_agent(
     if not gateway.workspace_root:
         msg = "gateway_workspace_root is required"
         raise ValueError(msg)
-    client_config = GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token)
+    control_plane = _control_plane_for_gateway(gateway)
-
     agent_id = _agent_key(agent)
-    entry = await _get_gateway_agent_entry(agent_id, client_config)
+    await control_plane.delete_agent(agent_id, delete_files=True)
-    await _remove_gateway_agent_list(agent_id, client_config)
 
     session_key = _session_key(agent)
-    await openclaw_call("sessions.delete", {"key": session_key}, config=client_config)
+    with suppress(OpenClawGatewayError):
-
+        await control_plane.delete_agent_session(session_key)
-    workspace_path = entry.get("workspace") if entry else None
+    return None
-    if not workspace_path:
-        workspace_path = _workspace_path(agent, gateway.workspace_root)
-    return workspace_path

backend/app/services/board_leads.py

@@ -78,6 +78,9 @@ async def ensure_board_lead_agent(
         if existing.name != desired_name:
             existing.name = desired_name
             changed = True
+        if existing.gateway_id != request.gateway.id:
+            existing.gateway_id = request.gateway.id
+            changed = True
         desired_session_key = lead_session_key(board)
         if not existing.openclaw_session_id:
             existing.openclaw_session_id = desired_session_key
@@ -107,6 +110,7 @@ async def ensure_board_lead_agent(
         name=config_options.agent_name or lead_agent_name(board),
         status="provisioning",
         board_id=board.id,
+        gateway_id=request.gateway.id,
         is_board_lead=True,
         heartbeat_config=DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT_CONFIG.copy(),
         identity_profile=merged_identity_profile,

backend/app/services/board_snapshot.py

@@ -12,14 +12,12 @@ from app.core.time import utcnow
 from app.models.agents import Agent
 from app.models.approvals import Approval
 from app.models.board_memory import BoardMemory
-from app.models.gateways import Gateway
 from app.models.tasks import Task
 from app.schemas.agents import AgentRead
 from app.schemas.approvals import ApprovalRead
 from app.schemas.board_memory import BoardMemoryRead
 from app.schemas.boards import BoardRead
 from app.schemas.view_models import BoardSnapshot, TaskCardRead
-from app.services.gateway_agents import gateway_agent_session_key
 from app.services.task_dependencies import (
     blocked_by_dependency_ids,
     dependency_ids_by_task_id,
@@ -47,17 +45,10 @@ def _computed_agent_status(agent: Agent) -> str:
     return agent.status
 
 
-async def _gateway_main_session_keys(session: AsyncSession) -> set[str]:
+def _agent_to_read(agent: Agent) -> AgentRead:
-    gateways = await Gateway.objects.all().all(session)
-    return {gateway_agent_session_key(gateway) for gateway in gateways}
-
-
-def _agent_to_read(agent: Agent, main_session_keys: set[str]) -> AgentRead:
     model = AgentRead.model_validate(agent, from_attributes=True)
     computed_status = _computed_agent_status(agent)
-    is_gateway_main = bool(
+    is_gateway_main = agent.gateway_id is not None and agent.board_id is None
-        agent.openclaw_session_id and agent.openclaw_session_id in main_session_keys,
-    )
     return model.model_copy(
         update={
             "status": computed_status,
@@ -129,13 +120,12 @@ async def build_board_snapshot(session: AsyncSession, board: Board) -> BoardSnap
         dependency_ids=list({*all_dependency_ids}),
     )
 
-    main_session_keys = await _gateway_main_session_keys(session)
     agents = (
         await Agent.objects.filter_by(board_id=board.id)
         .order_by(col(Agent.created_at).desc())
         .all(session)
     )
-    agent_reads = [_agent_to_read(agent, main_session_keys) for agent in agents]
+    agent_reads = [_agent_to_read(agent) for agent in agents]
     agent_name_by_id = {agent.id: agent.name for agent in agents}
 
     pending_approvals_count = int(

backend/app/services/gateway_agents.py

@@ -29,17 +29,3 @@ def gateway_openclaw_agent_id_for_id(gateway_id: UUID) -> str:
 def gateway_openclaw_agent_id(gateway: Gateway) -> str:
     """Return the dedicated OpenClaw config `agentId` for a gateway agent."""
     return gateway_openclaw_agent_id_for_id(gateway.id)
-
-
-def parse_gateway_agent_session_key(session_key: str | None) -> UUID | None:
-    """Parse a gateway id from a dedicated gateway-agent session key."""
-    value = (session_key or "").strip()
-    if not (value.startswith(_GATEWAY_AGENT_PREFIX) and value.endswith(_GATEWAY_AGENT_SUFFIX)):
-        return None
-    gateway_id = value[len(_GATEWAY_AGENT_PREFIX) : -len(_GATEWAY_AGENT_SUFFIX)]
-    if not gateway_id:
-        return None
-    try:
-        return UUID(gateway_id)
-    except ValueError:
-        return None

backend/app/services/template_sync.py

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ from app.services.agent_provisioning import (
 from app.services.gateway_agents import (
     gateway_agent_session_key,
     gateway_openclaw_agent_id,
-    parse_gateway_agent_session_key,
 )
 
 _TOOLS_KV_RE = re.compile(r"^(?P<key>[A-Z0-9_]+)=(?P<value>.*)$")
@@ -179,54 +178,6 @@ async def _with_gateway_retry(
     return await backoff.run(fn)
 
 
-def _agent_id_from_session_key(session_key: str | None) -> str | None:
-    value = (session_key or "").strip()
-    if not value:
-        return None
-    # Dedicated Mission Control gateway-agent session keys are not gateway config agent ids.
-    if parse_gateway_agent_session_key(value) is not None:
-        return None
-    if not value.startswith("agent:"):
-        return None
-    parts = value.split(":")
-    if len(parts) < SESSION_KEY_PARTS_MIN:
-        return None
-    agent_id = parts[1].strip()
-    return agent_id or None
-
-
-def _extract_agent_id_from_list(items: object) -> str | None:
-    if not isinstance(items, list):
-        return None
-    for item in items:
-        if isinstance(item, str) and item.strip():
-            return item.strip()
-        if not isinstance(item, dict):
-            continue
-        for key in ("id", "agentId", "agent_id"):
-            raw = item.get(key)
-            if isinstance(raw, str) and raw.strip():
-                return raw.strip()
-    return None
-
-
-def _extract_agent_id(payload: object) -> str | None:
-    """Extract a default gateway agent id from common list payload shapes."""
-    if isinstance(payload, list):
-        return _extract_agent_id_from_list(payload)
-    if not isinstance(payload, dict):
-        return None
-    for key in ("defaultId", "default_id", "defaultAgentId", "default_agent_id"):
-        raw = payload.get(key)
-        if isinstance(raw, str) and raw.strip():
-            return raw.strip()
-    for key in ("agents", "items", "list", "data"):
-        agent_id = _extract_agent_id_from_list(payload.get(key))
-        if agent_id:
-            return agent_id
-    return None
-
-
 def _gateway_agent_id(agent: Agent) -> str:
     session_key = agent.openclaw_session_id or ""
     if session_key.startswith("agent:"):
@@ -304,27 +255,6 @@ async def _get_existing_auth_token(
     return token or None
 
 
-async def _gateway_default_agent_id(
-    config: GatewayClientConfig,
-    *,
-    fallback_session_key: str | None = None,
-    backoff: _GatewayBackoff | None = None,
-) -> str | None:
-    try:
-
-        async def _do_list() -> object:
-            return await openclaw_call("agents.list", config=config)
-
-        payload = await (backoff.run(_do_list) if backoff else _do_list())
-        agent_id = _extract_agent_id(payload)
-        if agent_id:
-            return agent_id
-    except OpenClawGatewayError:
-        pass
-    # Avoid falling back to dedicated gateway session keys, which are not agent ids.
-    return _agent_id_from_session_key(fallback_session_key)
-
-
 async def _paused_board_ids(session: AsyncSession, board_ids: list[UUID]) -> set[UUID]:
     if not board_ids:
         return set()
@@ -532,7 +462,8 @@ async def _sync_main_agent(
     main_session_key = gateway_agent_session_key(ctx.gateway)
     main_agent = (
         await Agent.objects.all()
-        .filter(col(Agent.openclaw_session_id) == main_session_key)
+        .filter(col(Agent.gateway_id) == ctx.gateway.id)
+        .filter(col(Agent.board_id).is_(None))
         .first(ctx.session)
     )
     if main_agent is None:

backend/tests/test_agent_provisioning_utils.py

@@ -27,19 +27,6 @@ def test_slugify_falls_back_to_uuid_hex(monkeypatch):
     assert agent_provisioning._slugify("!!!") == "deadbeef"
 
 
-def test_agent_id_from_session_key_parses_agent_prefix():
-    assert agent_provisioning._agent_id_from_session_key(None) is None
-    assert agent_provisioning._agent_id_from_session_key("") is None
-    assert agent_provisioning._agent_id_from_session_key("not-agent") is None
-    assert agent_provisioning._agent_id_from_session_key("agent:") is None
-    assert agent_provisioning._agent_id_from_session_key("agent:riya:main") == "riya"
-
-
-def test_agent_id_from_session_key_ignores_gateway_main_session_key():
-    session_key = gateway_agent_session_key_for_id(uuid4())
-    assert agent_provisioning._agent_id_from_session_key(session_key) is None
-
-
 def test_extract_agent_id_supports_lists_and_dicts():
     assert agent_provisioning._extract_agent_id(["", "  ", "abc"]) == "abc"
     assert agent_provisioning._extract_agent_id([{"agent_id": "xyz"}]) == "xyz"
@@ -89,7 +76,6 @@ class _GatewayStub:
     url: str
     token: str | None
     workspace_root: str
-    main_session_key: str
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -102,41 +88,56 @@ async def test_provision_main_agent_uses_dedicated_openclaw_agent_id(monkeypatch
         url="ws://gateway.example/ws",
         token=None,
         workspace_root="/tmp/openclaw",
-        main_session_key=session_key,
     )
     agent = _AgentStub(name="Acme Gateway Agent", openclaw_session_id=session_key)
     captured: dict[str, object] = {}
 
-    async def _fake_ensure_session(*args, **kwargs):
+    async def _fake_ensure_agent_session(self, session_key, *, label=None):
         return None
 
-    async def _fake_patch_gateway_agent_list(agent_id, workspace_path, heartbeat, config):
+    async def _fake_upsert_agent(self, registration):
-        captured["patched_agent_id"] = agent_id
+        captured["patched_agent_id"] = registration.agent_id
-        captured["workspace_path"] = workspace_path
+        captured["workspace_path"] = registration.workspace_path
 
-    async def _fake_supported_gateway_files(config):
+    async def _fake_list_supported_files(self):
         return set()
 
-    async def _fake_gateway_agent_files_index(agent_id, config):
+    async def _fake_list_agent_files(self, agent_id):
         captured["files_index_agent_id"] = agent_id
         return {}
 
     def _fake_render_agent_files(*args, **kwargs):
         return {}
 
-    async def _fake_set_agent_files(*args, **kwargs):
+    async def _fake_set_agent_files(self, **kwargs):
         return None
 
-    monkeypatch.setattr(agent_provisioning, "ensure_session", _fake_ensure_session)
-    monkeypatch.setattr(agent_provisioning, "_patch_gateway_agent_list", _fake_patch_gateway_agent_list)
-    monkeypatch.setattr(agent_provisioning, "_supported_gateway_files", _fake_supported_gateway_files)
     monkeypatch.setattr(
-        agent_provisioning,
+        agent_provisioning.OpenClawGatewayControlPlane,
-        "_gateway_agent_files_index",
+        "ensure_agent_session",
-        _fake_gateway_agent_files_index,
+        _fake_ensure_agent_session,
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        agent_provisioning.OpenClawGatewayControlPlane,
+        "upsert_agent",
+        _fake_upsert_agent,
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        agent_provisioning.OpenClawGatewayControlPlane,
+        "list_supported_files",
+        _fake_list_supported_files,
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        agent_provisioning.OpenClawGatewayControlPlane,
+        "list_agent_files",
+        _fake_list_agent_files,
     )
     monkeypatch.setattr(agent_provisioning, "_render_agent_files", _fake_render_agent_files)
-    monkeypatch.setattr(agent_provisioning, "_set_agent_files", _fake_set_agent_files)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        agent_provisioning.BaseAgentLifecycleManager,
+        "_set_agent_files",
+        _fake_set_agent_files,
+    )
 
     await agent_provisioning.provision_main_agent(
         agent,

backend/tests/test_mentions.py

@@ -1,36 +1,42 @@
 # ruff: noqa
 
+from uuid import uuid4
+
 from app.models.agents import Agent
 from app.services.mentions import extract_mentions, matches_agent_mention
 
 
+def _agent(name: str, *, is_board_lead: bool = False) -> Agent:
+    return Agent(name=name, gateway_id=uuid4(), is_board_lead=is_board_lead)
+
+
 def test_extract_mentions_parses_tokens():
     assert extract_mentions("hi @Alex and @bob-2") == {"alex", "bob-2"}
 
 
 def test_matches_agent_mention_matches_first_name():
-    agent = Agent(name="Alice Cooper")
+    agent = _agent("Alice Cooper")
     assert matches_agent_mention(agent, {"alice"}) is True
     assert matches_agent_mention(agent, {"cooper"}) is False
 
 
 def test_matches_agent_mention_no_mentions_is_false():
-    agent = Agent(name="Alice")
+    agent = _agent("Alice")
     assert matches_agent_mention(agent, set()) is False
 
 
 def test_matches_agent_mention_empty_agent_name_is_false():
-    agent = Agent(name="   ")
+    agent = _agent("   ")
     assert matches_agent_mention(agent, {"alice"}) is False
 
 
 def test_matches_agent_mention_matches_full_normalized_name():
-    agent = Agent(name="Alice Cooper")
+    agent = _agent("Alice Cooper")
     assert matches_agent_mention(agent, {"alice cooper"}) is True
 
 
 def test_matches_agent_mention_supports_reserved_lead_shortcut():
-    lead = Agent(name="Riya", is_board_lead=True)
+    lead = _agent("Riya", is_board_lead=True)
-    other = Agent(name="Lead", is_board_lead=False)
+    other = _agent("Lead", is_board_lead=False)
     assert matches_agent_mention(lead, {"lead"}) is True
     assert matches_agent_mention(other, {"lead"}) is False

frontend/src/api/generated/model/agentRead.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ export interface AgentRead {
   identity_template?: string | null;
   soul_template?: string | null;
   id: string;
+  gateway_id: string;
   is_board_lead?: boolean;
   is_gateway_main?: boolean;
   openclaw_session_id?: string | null;

frontend/src/api/generated/model/gatewayRead.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ export interface GatewayRead {
   id: string;
   organization_id: string;
   token?: string | null;
-  main_session_key: string;
   created_at: string;
   updated_at: string;
 }

frontend/src/api/generated/model/gatewaySessionsResponse.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,5 @@
  */
 export interface GatewaySessionsResponse {
   sessions: unknown[];
-  main_session_key?: string | null;
   main_session?: unknown | null;
 }

frontend/src/api/generated/model/gatewaysStatusResponse.ts

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ export interface GatewaysStatusResponse {
   gateway_url: string;
   sessions_count?: number | null;
   sessions?: unknown[] | null;
-  main_session_key?: string | null;
   main_session?: unknown | null;
   main_session_error?: string | null;
   error?: string | null;

frontend/src/app/gateways/[gatewayId]/edit/page.tsx

@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ export default function EditGatewayPage() {
   const resolvedName = name ?? loadedGateway?.name ?? "";
   const resolvedGatewayUrl = gatewayUrl ?? loadedGateway?.url ?? "";
   const resolvedGatewayToken = gatewayToken ?? loadedGateway?.token ?? "";
-  const resolvedMainSessionKey = loadedGateway?.main_session_key ?? null;
   const resolvedWorkspaceRoot =
     workspaceRoot ?? loadedGateway?.workspace_root ?? DEFAULT_WORKSPACE_ROOT;
 
@@ -165,7 +164,6 @@ export default function EditGatewayPage() {
         name={resolvedName}
         gatewayUrl={resolvedGatewayUrl}
         gatewayToken={resolvedGatewayToken}
-        mainSessionKey={resolvedMainSessionKey}
         workspaceRoot={resolvedWorkspaceRoot}
         gatewayUrlError={gatewayUrlError}
         gatewayCheckStatus={gatewayCheckStatus}

frontend/src/app/gateways/[gatewayId]/page.tsx

@@ -178,14 +178,6 @@ export default function GatewayDetailPage() {
                 Runtime
               </p>
               <div className="mt-4 space-y-3 text-sm text-slate-700">
-                <div>
-                  <p className="text-xs uppercase text-slate-400">
-                    Main session key
-                  </p>
-                  <p className="mt-1 text-sm font-medium text-slate-900">
-                    {gateway.main_session_key}
-                  </p>
-                </div>
                 <div>
                   <p className="text-xs uppercase text-slate-400">
                     Workspace root

frontend/src/app/gateways/new/page.tsx

@@ -125,7 +125,6 @@ export default function NewGatewayPage() {
         name={name}
         gatewayUrl={gatewayUrl}
         gatewayToken={gatewayToken}
-        mainSessionKey={null}
         workspaceRoot={workspaceRoot}
         gatewayUrlError={gatewayUrlError}
         gatewayCheckStatus={gatewayCheckStatus}

frontend/src/app/gateways/page.tsx

@@ -134,15 +134,6 @@ export default function GatewaysPage() {
           </Link>
         ),
       },
-      {
-        accessorKey: "main_session_key",
-        header: "Main session",
-        cell: ({ row }) => (
-          <span className="text-sm text-slate-700">
-            {truncate(row.original.main_session_key, 24)}
-          </span>
-        ),
-      },
       {
         accessorKey: "workspace_root",
         header: "Workspace root",

frontend/src/components/gateways/GatewayForm.tsx

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ type GatewayFormProps = {
   name: string;
   gatewayUrl: string;
   gatewayToken: string;
-  mainSessionKey: string | null;
   workspaceRoot: string;
   gatewayUrlError: string | null;
   gatewayCheckStatus: GatewayCheckStatus;
@@ -34,7 +33,6 @@ export function GatewayForm({
   name,
   gatewayUrl,
   gatewayToken,
-  mainSessionKey,
   workspaceRoot,
   gatewayUrlError,
   gatewayCheckStatus,
@@ -130,28 +128,16 @@ export function GatewayForm({
         </div>
       </div>
 
-      <div className="grid gap-6 md:grid-cols-2">
+      <div className="space-y-2">
-        <div className="space-y-2">
+        <label className="text-sm font-medium text-slate-900">
-          <label className="text-sm font-medium text-slate-900">
+          Workspace root <span className="text-red-500">*</span>
-            Main session key (read-only)
+        </label>
-          </label>
+        <Input
-          <Input
+          value={workspaceRoot}
-            value={mainSessionKey ?? "Auto-generated by server"}
+          onChange={(event) => onWorkspaceRootChange(event.target.value)}
-            readOnly
+          placeholder={workspaceRootPlaceholder}
-            disabled
+          disabled={isLoading}
-          />
+        />
-        </div>
-        <div className="space-y-2">
-          <label className="text-sm font-medium text-slate-900">
-            Workspace root <span className="text-red-500">*</span>
-          </label>
-          <Input
-            value={workspaceRoot}
-            onChange={(event) => onWorkspaceRootChange(event.target.value)}
-            placeholder={workspaceRootPlaceholder}
-            disabled={isLoading}
-          />
-        </div>
       </div>
 
       {errorMessage ? (