refactor: replace DefaultLimitOffsetPage with LimitOffsetPage in multiple files and update timezone handling to use UTC

backend/app/core/error_handling.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
 from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Final, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Final
 from uuid import uuid4
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
@@ -81,19 +81,49 @@ def install_error_handling(app: FastAPI) -> None:
 
     app.add_exception_handler(
         RequestValidationError,
-        cast(ExceptionHandler, _request_validation_handler),
+        _request_validation_exception_handler,
     )
     app.add_exception_handler(
         ResponseValidationError,
-        cast(ExceptionHandler, _response_validation_handler),
+        _response_validation_exception_handler,
     )
     app.add_exception_handler(
         StarletteHTTPException,
-        cast(ExceptionHandler, _http_exception_handler),
+        _http_exception_exception_handler,
     )
     app.add_exception_handler(Exception, _unhandled_exception_handler)
 
 
+async def _request_validation_exception_handler(
+    request: Request,
+    exc: Exception,
+) -> Response:
+    if not isinstance(exc, RequestValidationError):
+        msg = "Expected RequestValidationError"
+        raise TypeError(msg)
+    return await _request_validation_handler(request, exc)
+
+
+async def _response_validation_exception_handler(
+    request: Request,
+    exc: Exception,
+) -> Response:
+    if not isinstance(exc, ResponseValidationError):
+        msg = "Expected ResponseValidationError"
+        raise TypeError(msg)
+    return await _response_validation_handler(request, exc)
+
+
+async def _http_exception_exception_handler(
+    request: Request,
+    exc: Exception,
+) -> Response:
+    if not isinstance(exc, StarletteHTTPException):
+        msg = "Expected StarletteHTTPException"
+        raise TypeError(msg)
+    return await _http_exception_handler(request, exc)
+
+
 def _get_request_id(request: Request) -> str | None:
     request_id = getattr(request.state, "request_id", None)
     if isinstance(request_id, str) and request_id:

backend/app/core/logging.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import logging
 import os
 import sys
 import time
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import Any
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class JsonFormatter(logging.Formatter):
         payload: dict[str, Any] = {
             "timestamp": datetime.fromtimestamp(
                 record.created,
-                tz=timezone.utc,
+                tz=UTC,
             ).isoformat(),
             "level": record.levelname,
             "logger": record.name,
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ class JsonFormatter(logging.Formatter):
 class KeyValueFormatter(logging.Formatter):
     """Formatter that appends extra fields as `key=value` pairs."""
 
+    # noinspection PyMethodMayBeStatic
     def format(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> str:
         """Render a log line with appended non-standard record fields."""
         base = super().format(record)